People with type 2 diabetes should follow a treatment plan. A treatment plan, also called a ” diabetes management plan, ” helps people manage their diabetes, as well as stay healthy and active. Treatment plans are based on the needs each person has in relation to their health and the suggestions of the team that is treating their diabetes.
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Key points of treatment for diabetes
The first thing you need to know in relation to diabetes treatment is what your blood glucose levels are. The blood glucose level is the amount of glucose a person has in their blood. The glucose is a sugar in the food we eat and also the body produces and stores. It is the main source of energy for the cells of the body and reaches every cell through the bloodstream. Glucose enters the cells with the help of a hormone called “insulin”.
So, how are blood glucose levels related to type 2 diabetes? People with type 2 diabetes no longer respond to insulin normally, so glucose stays in the bloodstream and can not enter the cells. This causes blood glucose levels to rise too much. It is likely that a person suffering from type 2 diabetes feels sick if he has high blood sugar levels.
Therefore, the treatment plan for a person suffering from type 2 diabetes consists of maintaining blood sugar levels within healthy parameters, and must ensure that these people can grow and develop normally. To achieve this goal, people with type 2 diabetes must take care of the following:
- have a healthy and balanced diet, and follow a meal plan
- exercise regularly
- take the medicines in the indicated doses
- check blood sugar levels regularly
It is good to know that respecting the plan can help people feel healthy and have no health problems associated with diabetes in the long term.
Have a healthy diet and follow a meal plan
Having a healthy diet and exercising more often is good for everyone. But it’s especially important for people with type 2 diabetes, because they tend to have more body fat than they should. Excess body fat is the result of eating more calories than you spend each day. The body stores that extra energy in fat cells. Over time, gaining weight due to excess fat can lead to obesity and cause diseases associated with it, such as type 2 diabetes.
Achieving a healthy weight – and even losing some weight, eliminating excess fat – contributes greatly to keeping blood sugar levels under control. How to achieve it? People with type 2 diabetes should eat healthy foods. In addition, they should pay attention to the amount of carbohydrates and calories contained in the foods they eat.
The intake of certain foods and not others will cause blood sugar levels to increase. In this way, it will be more difficult for diabetics to keep blood sugar under control, unless they receive insulin and take the diabetes medications at the time and at the appropriate doses.
Foods contain three main types of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Foods that contain carbohydrates cause the increase of blood sugar levels. Foods that contain mostly proteins and / or fats do not affect blood sugar levels as much as those that contain carbohydrates. However, they contain calories and can cause a person to gain a lot of weight due to body fat if he consumes them excessively.
It is best for people who have type 2 diabetes (and all others) too, not to eat sweets or fast foods. In addition to not being healthy foods, they can cause weight gain due to excess body fat and cause tooth decay. People with type 2 diabetes should also eat smaller portions.
Following a balanced and healthy diet does not mean giving up eating the foods that you like or starving yourself. However, if you have overweight problems, you should probably restrict the consumption of junk food and sweets, as well as eating smaller portions.
You and the team that is treating your diabetes can design a meal plan and put it in writing. This will help you eat better. Meal plans often include guidelines for preparing breakfast, lunch, and dinner, in addition to scheduled snacks between meals.
A meal plan for diabetics will not tell you exactly what foods to eat, but will guide you to choose options within the main food groups, so you can follow a nutritious and balanced diet. Each meal and snack in the plan will contain a certain amount of carbohydrate depending on the amount and type of diabetes medication you are receiving.
Exercise regularly
Exercise is good for everyone, including people with diabetes. It is also an important part of the treatment plan for diabetes, because exercise can improve the body’s response to insulin, help lose excess body fat and keep the heart and lungs in good condition. It can also reduce the risk of having other health problems, such as cancer.
You may wonder if exercise will not affect your diabetes, but you should not put your illness as an excuse to not start moving. Most exercises are excellent for people with type 2 diabetes: from walking the dog or riding a bike to playing team sports. Consider yourself as a goal to exercise every day to benefit the most.
You can talk with the team that is treating your diabetes about the need to adapt your diet or your medication if you exercise. They will make specific suggestions for you to exercise or a sport and they will give you written instructions if there is any problem associated with your diabetes during this practice, such as hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) or hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in blood).
Take medications as prescribed
There are many medications for people with type 2 diabetes. They have different effects to help the body make insulin or respond better to this hormone.
Sometimes pills for diabetes – even when combined with diet and exercise – are not enough to keep blood sugar levels under control. Some people with type 2 diabetes may need to inject insulin. At the moment, the only way to incorporate insulin into the body is through injections or using an insulin pump. If a person tried to take the insulin in the form of a pill, the acids and digestive juices present in the stomach would cause the drug to decompose, which would suppress its effect.
Nowadays, insulin injections are not painful because the needles are very thin. Insulin pumps (which send insulin through a thin tube that is placed under the skin) reduce the amount of injections needed.
There are different types of insulin, intended for different purposes. The type of insulin you use and the way you use it will depend on what is best for you and your daily routine.
Once you have injected your insulin, you can not stop it from taking effect. If you inject insulin but forget to eat, your blood sugar levels may go down too much. Therefore, you should try not to skip any food. If your parents remind you to eat after you inject your insulin, it’s probably because they care about you and not because they are trying to annoy you.
The team that is treating your diabetes will teach you how and when to inject your insulin.